सूचक

• Identification of Indigenous Peoples and local communities at national level is supported through Nepal's legal and institutional frameworks including the National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN) Act (2002), Indigenous Nationalities Commission Act (2017), and Local Government Operation Act (2017), and institutional mechanisms such as NFDIN.

• National processes to identify and map rights holders and their rights to lands, territories and resources are primarily implemented through forest-sector planning and Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) systems. Under the Forest Act (2019) and associated regulations, forest user groups (including Community Forest User Groups, Collaborative Forest User Groups and Leasehold Forest Groups) are formally identified, and their membership, resource boundaries and forest use rights are defined through approved operational plans.

• Rights to access and use forest resources are defined through statutory and customary arrangements embedded in these forest governance systems, including the operational plans, which specify user group membership, forest resource boundaries, permitted uses and benefit sharing arrangements.

• National forest mapping and inventory systems, including the National Forest Inventory System (NFIS) and mapping of community-based forest management regimes, provide spatial information on forest areas, tenure arrangements and management categories. These systems support identification of forest-dependent communities and the areas over which statutory and customary use rights are exercised.

• Identification of cultural and spiritual sites, as well as customary practices, is undertaken through community-based planning processes, including preparation and revision of forest operational plans and participatory consultations. These processes enable Indigenous Peoples and local communities to document culturally significant areas, traditional knowledge and customary resource use associated with forest landscapes.

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