सूचक

• The Constitution of Nepal (2015) has provisions relating to protection, promotion and use of natural resources and forests, including the protection, promotion andn sustainable use of natural resources, forests, wildlife, and biodiversity, and maintaining the forest area required for ecological balance.

• Nepal’s NBSAP (2014) identifies strategies and priorities for conservation actions, grouped into six biodiversity themes, namely protected areas, forests outside protected areas, rangelands, wetlands, agriculture, and mountains. Actions in the NBSAP include the establishment of protection forest, improving forest productivity, and biodiversity conservation and climate change resilience of forests through sustainable management. REDD+ is mentioned in the NBSAP as a priority action to achieve adaptation to and mitigation of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. (The revised NBSAP (2026-2030) is expected to be finalised in 2026).

• The Climate Change Policy (2019) emphasises building resilience of ecosystems at risk of adverse impacts of climate change ,and ensuring sustainable delivery of environmental services, including in riverbeds, wetlands, and forests.

• Nepal’s forest-related national policies, strategies and action plans also have clearly identified priorities for protection and conservation of natural forests and other ecosystems, as well as biodiversity. The National Forest Policy (2019), National Environment Policy (2019), National Climate Change Policy (2019), Forestry Sector Strategy (2016-25), Environment Protection Act (2019), Long-term Strategy for Net-zero Emissions (2021) and Nepal's second NDC (2020) all identify priorities for conservation of forests, ecosystems and biodiversity, and all refer to REDD+ as one of the strategic actions to achieve their objectives. For example, the National Forest Policy (2019) emphasizes conserving, re-establishing and using forests, plants, wildlife, and biodiversity, and establishing zoo and botanical garden for ex situ conservation of species at federal, province and local levels.

• The Forests Act (2019) provides powers to the Government to declare forest areas important from environmental, ecosystem, scientific, and cultural perspectives, and areas important for preserving plants and wildlife, as protected forest, in consultation with Provincial Governments.

• The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (1973) provides the framework for establishment and management of protected areas, wildlife reserves, conservation areas and buffer zones, with the objective of conserving representative ecosystems, habitats and species of national importance.

• The National Wetland Policy (2012) and the Ramsar Strategy and Action Plan (2018-2024) promote conservation and sustainable management of wetlands, recognising their importance for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, climate resilience and local livelihoods.

• The Environment Protection Act (2019) and Environment Protection Regulation (2020) support conservation objectives through environmental assessment procedures, protection of environmentally sensitive areas, and integration of biodiversity and ecosystem considerations into development planning and implementation.

• Key institutions supporting implementation of these conservation objectives include the Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE), Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC), Division Forest Offices (DFOs), and Protected Area authorities (e.g. Wardens), and the Nepal Army (which provides protection deployments inside the major national parks).  MoFE’s Environment and Biodiversity Division is focal point for the CBD, and prepares Nepal’s NBSAPs and National Reports to the CBD.

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• The National REDD+ Strategy (2018-2022) was designed to promote conservation of natural forests, biodiversity and ecosystem services, with objectives including: to reduce carbon emissions, enhance carbon stocks and ecosystem resilience through mitigation and adaptation approaches by minimising the causes and effects of the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, and promote sustainable forest management. One of its guiding principles is to maintain ecosystem integrity and optimize the wide range of ecosystem benefits. 

• The NRS (2018-2022) includes strategic actions that support conservation objectives, including strengthening of Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) systems, implementation of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), promotion of private forestry, conservation and restoration of degraded forest landscapes, and integration of biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into forest management and REDD+ implementation.

• The 2024 review of the NRS confirmed the continued relevance of biodiversity conservation, ecosystem resilience and sustainable forest management objectives, while highlighting the need to strengthen implementation, monitoring and integration of safeguards and biodiversity considerations across REDD+ actions. The updated NRS (2025-2034) retains conservation of forests, biodiversity and ecosystem services as a central component, and includes actions such as promoting nature-based tourism in protected areas and other forests, and developing systematic measurement of non-carbon forest ecosystem services, among others.

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• The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) ER Program in the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) is framed as a Sustainable Forest Management‑based program. The ER‑PD sets out objectives and interventions that directly contribute to conservation of natural forests, biodiversity and ecosystem services, by addressing key drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the TAL. The TAL nationally recognised for its high biodiversity value, including its importance for wildlife corridors, watershed functions and ecosystem integrity. 

• The FCPF ER Program includes interventions that maintain habitat connectivity, enhance forest resilience and protect ecosystem services, such as: strengthening sustainable management across CBFM areas and government‑managed forests; reducing illegal logging, forest encroachment and unsustainable harvesting; and enhancing forest protection in ecologically sensitive corridors that are critical for biodiversity conservation. 

• The Nepal LEAF ER Program is based on the NRS (2018, 2025), and thus integrates the Strategy's onservation priorities. Interventions in the Program area include sustainable management of forests, forest fire management, restoration of degraded forests, promotion of natural regeneration, agroforestry and other actions that contribute to maintain and restoring natural forests, their biodiversity and ecosystem services. 

•  According to the TREES documents, the accounting area contains rich biodiversity areas including Banke National Park, Bardiya National Park, Langtang National Park, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Chitwan National Park, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve and Annapurna conservation area, as well as parts of the two conservation landscapes of the TAL and Chitwan Annapurna Landscape. 

• DFO forest management activities nationally and in the Program area include a range of activities that support conservation of natural forest, biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as human-wildlife conflict management, support to protected areas, and assisted natural regeneration of forests. 

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