सूचक

• The Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) undertaken during development of the first National REDD+ Strategy (NRS) (2018-2022) analysed governance and accountability risks, including weak law enforcement, inadequate monitoring, contradictory legal provisions, limited transparency, and risks of elite capture in forest governance. The SESA informed the identification of mitigation measures such as strengthening monitoring systems, improving sectoral coordination, and enhancing stakeholder oversight.
• The NRS Review (2024) assessed the implementation of the Strategy and identified governance and accountability gaps, including weak coordination across institutions, inadequate documentation and monitoring of safeguards, unclear tenure in some forest regimes, inconsistent enforcement, and limited shared understanding of safeguard and Free, Prior and Informed Consernt (FPIC) procedures among rights -holders and government authorities.
• These findings informed the governance, safeguards and transparency provisions of the updated NRS (2025-2034), which integrates commitments to accountability and transparency across its guiding principles and strategies, including:
  • - Promoting equitable and transparent governance
  • - Strengthening monitoring and reporting systems
  • - Improving coordination across levels of government
  • - Enhancing safeguards and grievance mechanisms (e.g., Strategy 4.6.9)

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• The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) ER Program, governance, accountability and corruption related risks were assessed through the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) (2014). The SESA identified risks including weak law enforcement, inconsistent policy implementation, limited transparency in forest governance, unclear tenure arrangements, elite capture within community based forest management systems, and potential misuse of REDD+ related financial resources.
• These risk considerations were further examined at design stage through the development of the FCPF ER Program Document (ER PD), which analyses governance and fiduciary risks relevant to ER implementation. The ER PD identifies risks related to benefit allocation, oversight of fund flows, accountability of forest sector institutions, and capacity constraints at sub -national and community levels that could increase vulnerability to corruption or misuse of resources.
• The LEAF ER Program is based on Nepal's NRS (2018, 2025), which was assessed through the SESA (2014) and the NRS review conducted in 2024. The ER Program also follows Nepal's national safeguards framework and specific procedures, such as the operational guidelines of the Forest Development Fund (FDF) and audit requirements. These national assessments and frameworks form the basis for identifying and managing accounatbility and corruption risks under the Program.

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