सूचक

• The Ministry of Law and Justice publishes list of international conventions, treaties and agreements to which Nepal is a party and signatory.
• Twelve international conventions and treaties have been identified as relevant for REDD+, based on the NRS (2018-2022) and the FCPF ERP Document, and provided in Appendix 2 of Nepal's First Summary of Information (2025):
  1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992)
  2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (1973)
  3. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971)
  4. International Labour Organisation Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (ILO Convention No. 169) (1989)
  5. Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization (ABS) (2010)
  6. Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015)
  7. United Nations Forum on Forest (UNFF) / UN Strategic Plan for Forests 2017-2030
  8. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (1994)
  9. UN Convention against Corruption (2005)
  10. United Nations Declaration on Human Rights (UNDHR) (1948)
  11. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) (2007)
  12. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992)

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• Nepal’s NRS (2018-2022) was approved in line with the country’s needs for managing forests and biodiversity as well as its international commitments.

  • Purpose: To guide the development of policies and programs that address the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, which ultimately improves the carbon sink capacity of Nepal’s forests.
  • Objectives: To improve and harmonise policy and legal frameworks, in line with national and international requirements and standards; to harness carbon and non-carbon benefits; to increase institutional capability and coordination; and to strengthen governance, gender equality and social inclusion of the forestry sector.

• The updated NRS (2025-2034) has a mission to strengthen forest ecosystem resilience for emission reductions and increased carbon and non-carbon benefits through improved policy measures and effective institutions.

  • - Reduce carbon emissions, enhance carbon stocks, conserve biodiversity, and strengthen ecosystem resilience by addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and promoting sustainable management of forests.
  • - Improve forest land tenure security and ensure fair and equitable sharing of carbon and non-carbon benefits of forests among rights holders, women, Indigenous Peoples, Madhesis, Dalits, and forest-dependent local communities with effective implementation of safeguard measures.
  • - Increase livelihood assets and diversify employment opportunities for women, Indigenous Peoples, Madhesis, Dalits, local communities, and forest-dependent poor.
  • - Improve and harmonise policy and legal frameworks in line with national and international requirements and standards to harness carbon and non-carbon benefits.
  • - Maintain good governance, strengthen institutional capability and coordination, and promote gender equality and social inclusion in the forestry sector.
  • - Improve the National Forest Monitoring System with robust measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification mechanisms.

• Nepal's Third National Communication to the UNFCCC was submitted in 2021 and refers to the role of REDD+ in reducing emissions in the country. Its Second Nationally Determined Contribution (2020) has an activity level target to manage 50% of Terai and Inner Terai forests and 25% of middle hills and mountain forests sustainably by 2030, including through the use of funding from REDD+ initiatives. In addition, Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as required under various international commitments (e.g. UNFCCC, CBD, Paris Agreement, UNDRIP, and ILO 169) is also required under Nepal's legal framework for REDD+, with guidelines on FPIC for REDD+ developed as recommended by the NRS.

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• The rationale for the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) ERP sets out the following:
  • - The ERP aims to achieve 34.2 MtCO2e in carbon benefits (combined emissions reductions and removals) over a 10-year period, thus contributing to the country's emission reduction commitments.
  • - Its strategic rationale is rooted in the NRS, and is consistent with other key national policies and strategies, such as the National Low Carbon Development Strategy and National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), linked to Nepal's CBD commitments.
  • - Its measures are in support of the NRS objectives and four key targets in the NRS Implementation Framework on land area under community-based forest management, area managed as Private Forest, area under Sustainable Forest Management, and promotion of alternative energy.
• The LEAF ER Program is based on the vision, mission, principles and objectives of the NRS (2018-2022) and revised NRS (2025-2034), which are aligned with Nepal's commitments under relevant international treaties and conventions.

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